Showing posts with label lesson planning. Show all posts
Showing posts with label lesson planning. Show all posts

18 August 2023

IELTS preparation: syllabus design

I first started to design IELTS course plans for my school in early 2020. There used to be only ten-hour group courses on Saturday mornings, and the programme would focus on the key aspects of the four IELTS test modules: Listening, Academic Reading, Academic Writing and Speaking.

Came the pandemic and, as we all know, teaching and learning shifted suddenly to the online space. My subsequent task was therefore to re-design the programme of the ten-hour course. The listening and the reading diagnostic tests were moved to the asynchronous learning space as homework. There was no point for the students to turn up and otherwise spend an entire lesson doing those mock tests. Another change was a new addition to the range of courses. Twenty-hour group courses were introduced so that there would be room for giving the students language support towards certain task types. For example, candidates often need to use the narrative tenses to recount personal events in Speaking Part 2. Despite the focus on language in some parts of the course plan, the twenty-hour course was still structured in the same manner as the ten-hour one - training in test techniques and certain key task types in the four IELTS modules.

While the above course plans were overall successful in preparing students for IELTS, they posed certain limitations to individual learners. The most obvious challenge is conflicting learning needs within a class. In Academic Reading, some students were weaker in matching paragraph headings, whereas others needed greater support in table completion. There were also students who didn't really need work on their listening and reading skills, but they could do with intensive practice at writing and speaking. Finally, there was the issue of placing students of mixed language levels, ranging from B1 to C1, in the same class. This was beyond the scope of syllabus design, of course.

Fast forward to 2023, group courses have changed to individual courses. IDP Australia is now offering IELTS online practice (i.e. mock tests) and most students are increasingly getting more competent at listening and reading. In my local context in Italy, almost every student explicitly asks for training in writing and speaking when they come to their IELTS preparation lessons. Consequently, I've found myself embarking on a different design of the syllabus.

Rather than follow a one-size-fits-all approach, I'm able to respond to my students' learning needs in one-to-one settings. Those I've recently taught said they would like to get a higher band score in the Speaking test. Most of them were often hindered by their limited range of vocabulary.

If we look at the questions in published IELTS test papers (e.g. IELTS 17), it is easy to spot a topic-based arrangement in all three parts of the Speaking test. This has informed the way I plan my lessons - I now give my students vocabulary input by topic through gap-fill or matching tasks before we move on to recurring Task-Feedback cycles of test practice. Depending on the band score my students need to achieve, I adjust the range of lexis for any lesson so that somebody aiming for Band 6 won't be inundated by too many complex collocations or idioms targeted at Band 8. On this note, I've found some useful material and resource that enables me to realise my new syllabus design, including vocabulary banks of General English coursebooks and the multi-level English Vocabulary in Use.

For grammar, I use a cross-topic approach so that my students can apply a target structure to their responses. In Speaking Part 1, students can practise using 'used to' and 'would' to talk about habitual actions and states in the past. The same can be done with modality when students speculate about certain topics in Speaking Part 3 or provide solutions to issues in Academic Writing Task 2.

30 October 2021

Reflections on Synchronous and Asynchronous Learning

Teaching and learning have undergone a period of sweeping changes which was almost unthinkable in the last decade. As we are standing at the crossroads where learning can take place both synchronously and asynchronously, how can teachers best use lesson time to maximise language learning? In search of answers, I shall reflect on my personal observations and explore some implications for lesson planning and choice of activities.

This is a talk which I delivered at the 2021 annual conference of International House (IH) Milan and San Donato.



14 June 2021

Teaching YLs in-person - after a hiatus

Forgive my silly thoughts, but I do sometimes wonder if I would forget how to teach YLs after a year of not having done it. This was exactly how I was feeling before my first summer camp lesson today - a group of 9- to 11-year-olds. By the way, the youngest student I've taught this year (2020-21) was 13.

Some observations:

  • GTKY with two rings of students worked well. I had a group of 12, so there were two rings of 6. At any time, only the inner or outer ring would rotate.

    I introduced myself to the students, which also acted as a model. "My name is Daniel. What's your name?"

    At the very end, I asked the students to turn towards their partners in the same ring, so that everybody has a chance to talk with (absolutely) each other.

  • Chain story to revise vocabulary doesn't work so well in a plenary setting in terms of student engagement, unless the size of the group is small. The compensation was to ask the students to help each other in an attempt to engage those who have already had their turn. This isn't a new observation, but the only time I had success with an adult class of 4 when I used the plenary setting as a model for pairwork practice.

  • Lesson planning / Classroom management - one way of alternating between 'stirrers' and 'calmers' is to think about whether the students have been actively moving and whether they would be doing the same or opposite in a subsequent activity.


(At the risk of slight exaggeration, the number of hours I've spent under the sun today more or less exceeded that I did for the whole year in the UK. Anything above 15°C is warm - 20°C is hot - this is my idea of summer temperatures. It was 32°C today in Milan - lovely blue sky though.)



21 November 2020

30-hour week (contact/classroom hours) ... Part 2

Some ideas adpated for online lessons which have worked well in my teaching context:

Get to know you (teacher)

  • face-to-face (credits to Sonya): I would cut up 5 photos about me, set it as a puzzle, and let my student(s) come up with questions to ask me. For an added challenge, I would split my class into teams and give 1 point to those who asked me a question with a 'yes' answer.
     
  • online (individual, pairs or trios): I show my students the same set of photos, but I've pixelated them so that everything looks blurry. My student(s) have to guess what the pixelated photos show. Then I progressively reveal the original photos. Finally, I let my student(s) come up with questions to ask me.

  • online (larger groups): I show my students 5 (unpixelated) photos, put them in various breakout rooms, and let them come up with questions to ask me. In open class, I ask my students to type their questions in the chat box. Then I reformulate my students' questions where necessary and answer them one by one.

  • online (larger groups): I set up a shared Word document on Google or OneDrive. In this document, I provide a short model paragraph introducing myself; there is designated space for each student to write their own introductions. In the lesson, I paste the link to the shared document in the chat box. My students can read each other's introduction and comment on it.

Get to know you (student)

  • face-to-face: I would provide some ideas in bullet points for my students, e.g. name, current city, occupation, hobbies and interests, languages spoken, language learning history, motivation for learning English, etc. Then I would put them in pairs for 1 minute. After that, I would change the arrangement so that every student could talk to each other.

  • online: I show my students the same ideas in bullet points. Then I put them in various breakout rooms. After a minute, I broadcast an announcement signalling the change of group arrangements. When I move my students to other rooms, I always do it in one of the breakout rooms so that my students know I'm moving some of them elsewhere and bringing others in their current room.

Information gap activities

  • face-to-face: I would arrange my class into 'A's and 'B's and then give instructions while chesting the role/task cards. Before I hand out the role/task cards, I would check my students' understanding of instructions.
     
  • online: I set up the breakout rooms first, so that I can arrange my class into 'A's and 'B's according to the breakout room list. Then I give instructions while showing a snapshot of the role/task cards. After that, I paste the link(s) to the role/task cards, which have been uploaded to a shared cloud storage, in the chat box. Before I put my students in various breakout rooms, I make sure everybody is on the same page (i.e. role/task cards fully downloaded) and check understanding of instructions. Finally, I open the breakout rooms.

Writing (50 to 100 words)

  • face-to-face: every student would write on seperate pieces of paper. At the end of the Writing task, I would display my students' work around the classroom in a gallery reading activity.

  • online: I use a Padlet board so that my students can post their written work. Students can read each other's work and give feedback on it. The Padlet board is automatically saved so that I can give further written feedback after the lesson.

 

27 October 2020

Afterthought: my talk at IH Milan's annual ELT conference 2020

In my recent talk at IH Milan's annual ELT conference, I shared 5 materials-light language practice ideas.

In my Activity 4, I was talking about the idea of appropriacy (Hymes, 1972) in using functional language. Here were my two examples:

  • buying a cuppa at a busy train station - 'A large tea, please.'
  • visiting the post office to pick up a parcel - 'Could I collect my parcel, please?'

In the second example, I used an unnatural model in order to highlight the contrast of registral style with the first. On second thoughts, who would even be that formal in the UK? Unless you live in Windsor or (maybe) Sandringham, most people would just ask 'Can I pick up my parcel?

Thanks also to my colleagues for raising my awareness of English varieties. I'd always thought the word borough was pronounced /bʌrə/ until the week before my talk. There's a different pronunciation in the US, /bɝːoʊ/, which I didn't know before.